Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, significantly restricting movement. It occurs when the capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the joint, thickens and tightens, leading to limited range of motion. The exact cause of frozen shoulder remains poorly understood, but certain factors are known to increase the risk of developing the condition.
Most commonly, frozen shoulder affects individuals aged between 40 and 60, with women being more likely to develop it than men. The condition is often seen in people who have had a period of immobility in the shoulder, such as after an injury or surgery. However, it can also develop spontaneously, without any obvious trigger.
Ethologically, frozen shoulder is believed to occur when inflammation develops in the synovial tissue of the shoulder joint, causing it to thicken and contract. Over time, this results in the formation of adhesions (fibrous scar tissue) that limit the joint’s ability to move freely. This process can take months to develop, with pain and stiffness gradually increasing over time.
Certain populations are at higher risk for developing frozen shoulder:
Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes are at a significantly increased risk, with studies indicating a 10-20% lifetime risk of developing frozen shoulder. The exact reason for this link isn’t fully understood, but it is thought that high blood sugar levels and the associated inflammatory effects may contribute to the condition.
Age and Gender: As mentioned, frozen shoulder is most commonly seen in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60. Women are more likely to be affected than men, particularly during middle age, possibly due to hormonal changes.
Other Medical Conditions: Those with certain conditions, such as thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism), heart disease, or Parkinson’s disease, are also at an increased risk of developing frozen shoulder. These conditions can contribute to the development of inflammation or affect the way the body heals following injury.
Previous Shoulder Injuries: People who have had a shoulder injury, surgery, or prolonged immobilisation due to an accident or illness are at higher risk, as the joint may become stiff from lack of movement.
Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages: Freezing, Frozen, and Thawing. These stages can last from a few months to several years, depending on the individual.
The Freezing phase involves an increase in pain and a gradual reduction in the ability to move the shoulder.
The Frozen phase is characterised by pain reduction, but significant stiffness remains, making it difficult to move the shoulder.
The Thawing phase sees gradual improvement in shoulder movement, though full recovery can take time and may require ongoing rehabilitation.
If you think you may have frozen shoulder, don’t wait for the thawing phase to begin! Our team is here to help alleviate your pain and guide you through the recovery process. We provide expert advice on stretches and strengthening exercises to restore your shoulder’s function, and our fully qualified and experienced staff will support you every step of the way towards a full recovery.
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